For Arabic, the analysis also includes a lemma and a Semitic root. I was hoping someone here could point me to a good source. There are a few reasons for this. Persian verbs fall into several predictable patters, as you and other have mentioned. Request. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, More posts from the linguistics community. gir, gereft 'take, took', nevis, nevešt 'write, wrote', deh, dād 'give, gave' etc.) Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" Click to Rate "Liked It" Click to Rate "Really Liked It" Click to Rate "Loved It" 4.5 1; Favorite. Indeed, many languages have 'irregular'/suppletive verb forms, particularly with auxiliaries, modals, and other common verbs. * how is it structured? string of constituents, each slot rewritten as a pair of features or as a phonological matrix. Any simple verb in Persian have two stems; present stem and past stem, thus, the lexicon includes both stems from which all simple verbs in Persian are constructed as shown in table 1. Verbal conjugation is very similar to that of Persian, though there are very distinct differences, particularly in compound tenses such as the progressive tenses. In the compound verbs compounded with prepositions, a dot has been placed between the preposition and the verb; for instance, bāz.dāštan ‘to prevent;’ transitive verb ‘stop,’ bar.dāštan ‘to pick up.’ If the preposition is already a part of the non-verbal element (noun, adjective, etc. Secondly, Tehran (as a city) is more influential than both Tajikistan and Afghanistan (as countries), or any other cities in Iran, in terms of films, songs, blogs, and even nominal GDP it produces. Features. ), as in: Full disclaimer: I'm not super up on any of the academic literature on Persian other than generative approaches to the specific direct object marker. The second sec-tion of that article listed the five large classes of verb stems, divided according to the differences between the present and the past stems: (1) invariants, such as mândan µstay¶, xordan µeat ¶ (23 verbs).1 (2) consonantal alternations, such as bast/band µtie ¶ (70 verbs). I didn't read your entire post, but I wanted to respond to one particular issue that also came up not long ago on r/languagelearning, which is that some people believe that in Persian is unusually irregular in its verbs. My Persian professor always used to use the example of the English word "feet", because English once had a plural i: ending. Learning verb conjugation of Persian is quite easy. But how exactly the surface form of that infinitive suffix is obtained, and why it sometimes causes changes in the stem is what I would want to find out. Verbal stems are used in conjugating verbs, making participles and also, in … Abstract. There are some common patterns, though. There is much research of the effects of stemming on searches of English document collections [3]. Persian is rather similar to English in this regard, where the verb stems may differ between the present and past (eg "see" and "saw"), but these tend to be the more common verbs. Leyla: Now let's conjugate the present form of to have. In general, both stems of each verb must be learned because neither is not completely predictable from the other. My idea about vav is pure speculation. Persian verbs are very regular compared with those of most European languages. Leyla: So this one is pretty simply. Leyla: Great, exactly- mee. It's possible that there is a set of sound changes and phonological rules which combine to yield the surface form – and that's what I would like to find out. But then again, those changes are usually straightforward to map onto ketābi forms, so once you figure out ketābi, you will probably understand what happened in colloquial Persian, too. **lin⋅guis⋅tics**: the scientific study of human *language* So, while studying many languages spoken in Europe, we work with the assumption that a regular verb is one where the actual root part of a verb is the same, and to conjugate it into different forms, you simply add a set of endings. For most of these stems, she formed the past tense by adding -id-. Also, you wouldn't happen to be at DLI right now, would you? Farsi (a variant of Persian spoken in Iran) has two types of simple verbs: verbs with past and present alternating stems (afzâ/afzud ‘increase,’ godâz, godâxt ‘fuse, melt’), and verbs that take the pseudo-infinitive morpheme, -id, in the past tense (fahm/fahm-id ‘understand’). The past simple, of course, uses the past stem, and is made this way: 1. I want to demystify this for myself once and for all, so the more gory details about this I get, the better. The principal parts to remember are the past stem and present stem. (3) vocalic alternations, such as burd/bard µcarry ¶ (15 verbs) (4) augmentative stems, in which the past stem is one or two segments longer than the present stem, such dânist/dân µknow ¶ or nihuft/nih µwear ¶ (18 verbs, plus the productive î-augment class). The Tehraniform of Persian is the most common, and most dominant. However, that doesn't explain why these present stems combine with the t-suffix instead of the d or id suffix. As to colloquial Persian, what you see in verbs like raftan or goftan or even šodan turning into mi-r-am or mi-g-am is probably the result of the present stem losing a labial. Abstract. For example, having looked at the output with a naked eye, I noticed that many verbs whose past stems end in -ft- end with some kind of labial sound in their present stem (v/w/u or b). Is that Tehruni or something? Although in most instances it is almost impossible to easily guess the present stem, some verbs have similar present and past stems. In Persian, each verb has two different stems and all forms of the verbs are produced using one of the two stems; present stem and past stem. * how is it produced? Stem formant: Persian verbs have 2 stems, present and past (will be covered more extensively later) and sometimes there is an element immediately after the root that exists to form a certain stem. The less frequent a verb is, the more likely it is to be regular. This is possible, but I don't know enough about the phonological history of Persian to figure it out (the amount of freely available information about Persian is unfortunately sometimes lacking). For Arabic, Persian (Western Persian and Dari), and Urdu, RBL may return multiple analyses for each token. Modern Iranian cognates include Ossetian уын (wyn), Pashto و ‎ (wo, “he was”), Baluchi بوگ ‎ (būag), Northern Kurdish bûn … Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Sociolinguistics | Game Theoretic Pragmatics. Persian verbs are conjugated by adding suffixes, similar to the way English verbs like talk take the suffixes -s, -ed, and -ing to make verb forms like talks, talked, and talking. The most irregular verb is "to be" in both languages, and this is typical of IE languages. Of course, there's also that it's not rav in the colloquial language anyway, but r (possibly from a reduction of ro-? Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" Click to Rate "Liked It" Click to Rate "Really Liked It" Click to Rate "Loved It" 4.5 1; Favorite . Unfortunately I'm unable to construct a table but your sample conjugation for 'to hear' in Iranian Persian seems rather dialectical. Don't you love how all present-tense Persian verbs are irregular? From Middle Persian [script needed] (būdan, baw-), from Old Persian [Term? But there may be a pattern here – as I noted earlier, where we have -ft- in the past stem, there is usually some labial sound in the present stem. Press J to jump to the feed. A linguistics degree and an interest in Persian or hit Enter key on your.... Been curious about why the present stem, as you and other common.... Stage just as I give them to you the following can help in guessing remembering. Does n't explain why these present stems combine with the t-suffix instead of the regularly predictable present of! 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