Ecological Applications 17: 869-881. May reach 40 ft. high and wide, but 20–30 ft. more common. The leaves of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood are 8-15 cm long, wedge-shaped and will turn red in autumn. University of Guelph Arboretum Environment Canada has included an addition which completes the SARA requirements for this recovery strategy. A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is conducted on all SARA recovery planning documents, in accordance with the Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals. Fruit important source of food for birds. Pierce, A.R., W.R. Bromer, and K.N. Therefore, in keeping with the precautionary principle, a full recovery strategy has been prepared as would be done when recovery is determined to be feasible. 2006. Large shrub or small tree often used as an ornamental. Eastern dogwood blooms in midspring as the leaf buds are unfurling. Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Canada - 2014. Cornus florida, commonly known as flowering dogwood, is a small deciduous tree that typically grows 15-30’ tall with a low-branching, broadly-pyramidal but somewhat flat-topped habit.It arguably may be the most beautiful of the native American flowering trees. Camp, and A. Trigiano. Individuals of the wildlife species that are capable of reproduction are available now or in the foreseeable future to sustain the population or improve its abundance. Farrar, J.L.. 1995. Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of recovery strategies for listed Extirpated, Endangered, and Threatened species and are required to report on progress within five years. Edmonton. 240 pp, Muma, W. 2011. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario occurs at the northern edge of its North American range. 6 Terrestrial area means an area where the water table is rarely or briefly above the substrate surface, and where hydric soils have not developed. Planting tips: Dig an extra wide hole to ensure the roots have room to grow outwards SH: Historical / possibly extirpated = species occurred historically and there is some possibility that it may be rediscovered. Eastern United States Description. Part 3 – Eastern Flowering Dogwood: Ontario Government Response Statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Daughtrey, M.L., C.R. The area populated by a vegetation type described by the Ecological Land Classification (, the vegetation type occurs naturally in Ontario, and. The species is restricted to the Carolinian Zone in southwestern Ontario. Your Eastern Flowering Dogwood stock images are ready. Telephone conversation with H. Bickerton. The red fruits are bitter and inedible to humans, but are enjoyed by many birds and small mammals in the fall. Flowering dogwood opens white flowers in April, usually before the leaf display, and will show off and enhance any spring landscape. Ottawa. Also known as great-flowered dogwood, arrow-wood, common dogwood. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. 90 pp. My … The hard and durable wood has served many commercial purposes, including in the manufacturing of golf club heads and rolling pins. Inconspicuous white or pink bracted flowers appear in spring. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood’s global conservation status is secure[3] (G5); however, it should be noted that the species has not been reviewed since 1996 (NatureServe 2010). Destruction may result from a single activity, multiple activities at one point in time, or the cumulative effects of one or more activities over time (Government of Canada 2009). Holzmueller, E.J., S. Jose, and M.A. Unfortunately, the populations of Eastern Flowering Dogwood have been decimated since the introduction of Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva) in the 1990’s, in Ontario and throughout most of its range in Eastern North America. [Online] Available: www.ontariotrees.com, OMNR, 2011. Photo by Sean Fox. Effects on the Environment and Other Species, Appendix A: Subnational Conservation Ranks of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in the United States, NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. In Ontario, the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is listed as Endangered[2] under the provincial Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA). The performance indicators presented below provide a way to define and measure progress toward achieving the population and distribution objectives. -hickory (Carya spp.) This recovery strategy will be followed by one or more action plans that will provide information on recovery measures to be taken by Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency and other jurisdictions and/or organizations involved in the conservation of the species. Jenkins. Environment Canada. Because Eastern Flowering Dogwood remains widespread, protection activities could benefit many other rare and at-risk species and ecological communities. Similar species: • Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) - has alternate leaves. Flowering dogwood has a low-branching habit with a flattish crown. Ontario Tree Atlas map of non-planted Eastern Flowering Dogwood. - beech (Fagus grandifolia) associations (COSEWIC 2007). Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd. Toronto. and L.E. The American Midland Naturalist 143 (1): 169-177. Dictionary entry overview: What does eastern flowering dogwood mean? It has been prepared in cooperation with the Department of National Defence and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. The original draft of the federal addition was prepared by Holly Bickerton (independent consultant), co-author of the provincial recovery strategy, with input and advice from Judith Jones (Winter Spider Eco-Consulting). Destruction is determined on a case-by-case basis. Peterborough, Ontario. Currently, no sites are known to meet the above mentioned criteria; however, critical habitat may be identified in the future at restoration plantings that meet the aforementioned criteria following long-term monitoring to determine success and level of disease tolerance. 38 pp. Eastern Flowering Dogwood is frequently grown in horticultural settings as an ornamental tree throughout its range in southwestern Ontario. However, areas where Eastern Flowering Dogwood trees have been planted for the purposes of  population restoration will be considered targets for recovery in the future if i) the trees were cultivated for purposes of disease resistance and ii) derived from plants native to Ontario or any state of the United States of America with which Ontario shares a border. Existing populations of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada have been conserved; The rate of decline of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada has been reduced. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood is a small tree with a layered branching pattern and simple, opposite leaves. C. mas (European Cornel, Cornelian Cherry Dogwood): Height up 7.5 metres (25 ft). 7 Capable of existing under varying environmental conditions. 1995-1999. Species at Risk Act Policies, Overarching Policy Framework [Draft]. If planted on a hospitable site and under a canopy of larger trees, the tree grows fast, sleek and slim -- but it will be less sleek and more husky when grown in … 1996. This recovery strategy will benefit the environment by encouraging the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and the Carolinian forest communities in which it occurs. SX: Presumed Extirpated. Jenkins, M.A., S. Jose and P.S. Flowering dogwood is susceptible to anthracnose, a devastating and incurable disease that can kill the tree. Where required and considered to be biologically and technically feasible, populations of Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Canada have been restored. This is a good specimen tree for a location with acidic soil and afternoon shade. Plant Ecology 195: 45-53. Activities that are likely to result in the destruction of critical habitat include, but are not limited to: Activities that compact the soil and/or cause soil erosion (e.g., use of off-trail vehicles [ATVs] or heavy machinery) resulting in alteration of the biophysical conditions required for germination, establishment and growth of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood; Activities that remove the vegetation component of critical habitat, such as clear-cut forest harvesting, spraying of herbicides and conversion to other land-uses, resulting in alteration of the biophysical conditions required for survival and reproduction of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood; Activities that alter the hydrology or moisture levels of the ground (e.g., ditching or tiling to alter drainage, construction of water control structures) resulting in ground that is too wet or too dry to be suitable for establishment and growth of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood grows in sandy soil, more or less clayey. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Eastern flowering dogwood is also distributed throughout the United States ranging from southern Michiganto southern Maine, and as far south to Florida and Texas. Genus Cornus can be deciduous shrubs or trees, or creeping, woody-based perennials, some with brightly coloured young stems. All Canadians are invited to join in supporting and implementing this strategy for the benefit of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and Canadian society as a whole. Element Occurrence and Observation data for Eastern Flowering Dogwood. Species at Risk Act Policy and Guidelines Series. Flowering and Fruiting- Flowering dogwood has many crowded, small, yellowish perfect flowers, borne in terminal clusters in the spring before the leaves appear, and surrounded by four snow-white, petal-like bracts. Under SARA, critical habitat is ‘the habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a listed wildlife species and that is identified as the species’ critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in an action plan for the species’. National Wetland Inventory, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, Florida. In Ontario, the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is found only in the Carolinian Zone, a narrow band extending from the southeastern shore of Lake Huron to the west end of Lake Ontario. vi + 22 pp. 5 The response statement is the Ontario government’s policy response to the scientific advice provided in the recovery strategy. Uses Ethnobotanic: Flowering dogwood root bark was used by Native Americans as a fever reducer, skin astringent, an antidiarrheal agent, and as a pain reliever for headaches, sores, and muscle Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Due to the Eastern Flowering Dogwood’s naturally limited distribution in Canada, it will likely always be vulnerable to anthropogenic and natural stressors. Critical habitat schematic for existing Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario. Formerly widespread throughout the eastern United States, Eastern Flowering Dogwood is secure nationally (N5) and is secure or is not ranked in most American states where it occurs (Appendix A). NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. 16 pp. 43°32'39.06"N, 80°12'57.78"W, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, College of Social & Applied Human Sciences, Gordon S. Lang School of Business & Economics. SARA section 44 allows the federal Minister to adopt all or part of an existing plan for the species if it meets the requirements under SARA for content (sub-sections 41(1) or (2)). + Appendices. Family Cornaceae . College Ave East In some cases, these sections may also include updated information or modifications to the provincial recovery strategy for adoption by Environment Canada. Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Journal of Forestry 104: 21-26. Windham, M.T., E.T. Forests in which Eastern Flowering Dogwood occurs are usually mid-age to mature. Eastern Flowering Dogwood fruits are shiny and bright red, and attract a wide range of animals in the late summer, including American Crows, American Robins, Northern Cardinals, wild Turkeys, Squirrels, Raccoons, and White-Tailed Deer. Environment Canada, Ottawa. 2 A species that lives in the wild in Ontario but is facing imminent extinction or extirpation. Holzmueller, E.J., S. Jose, M. Jenkins, A. Britton, M.T. Dogwood Anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. 3 Status definitions can be found in Appendix A. In the spring, tiny yellow flowers grow in clusters at the end of small branches and are surrounded by showy white leaves that look like petals. It is native from Maine to southern Ontario to Illinois to Kansas south to Florida, Texas and Mexico. Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC). In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of Ontario has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). Found in and around wet or sandy woodlands and ravines. 8 Relating or adapted to a moderately moist habitat. Other species can be quite different; for example, the Blackfruit Cornel, native to California, has small yellow-green blooms and a fruit which turns black when ripe, thus the name. The 20 m distance represents the dripline[9] of a mature Eastern Flowering Dogwood tree. 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